Be very careful of my thoughts here. Our minerals are in Oklahoma. I was involved with just this situation in Oklahoma some years back. Finally we were paid $200.00 (total for our 26.6 net mineral acres) to “Allow” seismic exploration of the section. Mrs. Barnes would know way more about this, but when I resisted, the company came up with $200.00. That was better then no payment, and as I did research, at least in Oklahoma, the company has the right to come onto surface acres but pay for any damage. To be clear, this does not answer your question. Here is the AI. Sound waves, primarily through
reflection seismology, are used to systematically map subsurface geological structures to locate oil and gas. Techniques include using air guns (offshore) or vibrator trucks (onshore) to send acoustic waves into the earth, with sensors recording reflections off rock layers, creating 3D or 4D images.